Native American

ANDID
Indianid type. Andids are small, stocky meso-brachycephals of the Andes (Quechua, Araucanians), the Ecuadorian coast, Peru and Chile. They are characterized by particularly strong eye-folds (but not particularly Mongolid eye features), a striking medium-broad, relatively high-rooted straight or convex nose, smooth hair and medium brown to brown skin.







 



LAGID
Indianid type. Medium to small, moderately stocky dolicho-mesocephals native to the mountainous areas of southeastern Brazil, southern Chile (and at much lower frequency) in Argentina, Paraguay and the Brazilian jungle. The Lagid type is characterized by strong supraorbital bulge, a skeletally robust face and broad cheekbones, and an absence of clear facial flatness. The eyelids are narrow, but there are few obvious Mongolid eye features. The nose is broad, straight or concave, with a clearly retracted root, the hair is smooth or wavy and the skin is light brown with a yellow or coppery tone. The absorption of a local australiform strain, the presence of which predates the Mongolid immigration, may be involved (cf. Luzia).




BRAZILID
Indianid type. Small, stocky mesocephals of the jungles around the Amazonian basin, including the adjacent highlands, along the Brazilian coast, in Venezuela, Guyana and the West Indies. Brazilids are characterized by relatively steep, broad foreheads, oval faces, soft features, mostly narrow eyelid slits, but not particularly Mongolid eye features, medium-broad to broad high-rooted nose, smooth or slightly wavy hair and yellowish light brown to brown skin.



SILVID (Eastern American Temperate Race (Agassiz, roughly equivalent))
Indianid type, so named by von Eickstedt. Tall and broadly-built, robust mesocephals of the central and eastern Canadian forest regions, Appalachia (the Mohicans, Delawares, and Iroquois) and the prairies of the Midwest (the Dakota). The Silvid type is characterized by a longish, rectangular face with notable facial flatness, a very striking, narrow to medium-broad nose with a convex and sometimes aquiline profile (Lundman described the type as "dinariomorphic", i.e. dinariform). The eyelids are sometimes narrow and slanting, and featuring epicanthus (most common among women and children). The hair is smooth or tight, and the skin light- to medium-brown with a yellowish, reddish or coppery tinge. There are two subvarieties, the western planid and the eastern appalacid.



CENTRALID (American Tropical Race (Agassiz, roughly equivalent); Istmid (Lundman); Zentralid (in German))

Indianid type. Medium to small, stocky and infantile brachycephals native to the areas between the southern coast of the USA and New Mexico and Arizona (Pueblo, Hopi etc.), eastern and southern Mexico (Maya and Aztec ancestry), Central America and western Colombia. Centralids are characterized by relatively steep but narrow foreheads, rectangular faces, relatively gracile features, sparsity of Mongoloid eye features, medium broad to broad, striking straight or slightly convex noses, smooth or slightly wavy hair and medium brown skin. The type is geographically highly variable, and Biasutti proposed two further subtypes, the southern, hyperbrachycephalic Istmid and the northern, less brachycephalic Pueblid.



MARGID (Sonorid (Biasutti))
Indianid type. Medium-sized, robust dolicho-mesocephals of California and Sonara, and (at much lower frequency) in Mexico, the Rocky Mountains (Shoshons), Florida and along the East Coast north to Newfoundland. The Margid type is characterized by a supraorbital bulge, a broad but not flat face, small eyelid slits (without Mongolid characteristics), a medium-broad to broad, moderately prominent straight or concave nose with a clearly retracted root, smooth hair and dark brown skin with slightly red tone. Lundman proposed a further subdivision of Margid into Californid and Mexicid types.



PACIFID (Western American Temperate Race (Agassiz, roughly equivalent))
Indianid type. Medium to tall, robust brachycephals of the western Canadian coast and eastern Alaska, as well as the outskirts of the northwestern USA and the Rio Grande (Navajo, Apache). Pacifids are characterized by broad, rectangular faces, scarcity of Mongolid eye features, medium-broad straight or slightly convex, striking noses, smooth or slightly wavy hair (sporadically lightened), moderately strong beard and body hair growth and light brownish skin.



ESKIMID
Arctic Mongolid variety distinguished by greater facial profile, wider lower jaw, lower frequency of epicanthus, thicker lips, mesognathy, very coarse hair, high-rooted and narrow nose, a rather pyknic and massive body build, advanced musculature, and darker skin. Eskimids are found in arctic North America, Greenland, and intermittently in coastal Chukotka-Kamchatka